Page I
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
AMERICAN ACADEMY
OF
ARTS AND SCIENCES.
VOL. V.
FROM MAY, 1860, TO MAY, 1862.
SELECTED FROM THE RECORDS.
___________
BOSTON AND CAMBRIDGE:
WELCH, BIGELOW, AND COMPANY.
1862
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2. Notes on Lobeliaceæ, Goodeniaceæ, &c. of the Collection of the U. S. South Pacific Exploring Expedition. By ASA GRAY.
Lobeliaceæ Sandwicenses. The Sandwich Islands are remarkable for their arborescent, shrubby, or fleshy-stemmed Lobeliaceæ. The species are numerous and peculiar, but very difficult to investigate in herbaria, owing to the imperfection of materials in collections and to
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the injuries from insects to which these and other lactescent plants are especially liable. There are moderately good materials extant in different collections of ten or eleven species, and indications of almost an equal number; while many other doubtless remain to reward the labors of future explorers of the forest region of Hawaii, a large part of which lies still untrodden by the naturalist. Exclusive of three true Lobelias, and of a striking new Isotoma? of Kauai or Nihau in Remy's collection, the known species of the Sandwich Islands may all be referred to Gaudichaud's genera Delissea, Cyanea, and Clermontia, three genera which also shade off into each other in a somewhat troublesome manner. The only essential character of Gaudichaud's genus Rollandia, viz. the adnation of the stamineal tube with one side of the tube of the corolla, is as I suppose a mistake. At least it does not occur organically in flowers of the plants which well accord with the (now flowerless) specimen of R. lanceolata collected in Freycinet's voyage, upon which Gaudichaud founded the genus, nor, I believe, in the plant which answers to his more miserable specimen of R. crispa. The former is a good Delissea; the latter, having larger and somewhat foliaceous calyx-lobes, is one of the species through which Delissea graduates into Cyanea. To the latter genus we may confidently refer Presl's Macrochilus (Lobelia?) superba, Cham., of which the calyx-lobes are probably incorrectly said to be imbricated in æstivation, and also a new and most remarkable arborescent species, which by its extremely long and apparently petaloid calyx-lobes, equalling the corolla in length, approaches Clermontia; but these divisions are perfectly separate down to the ovary, almost filiform, spreading in anthesis, and not deciduous. Our Delisseæ are: —
1. DELISSEA LANCEOLATA, Rollandia lanceolata Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. R. montana on the plate, the upper leaves reduced in size. R. lanceolata var. grandifolia, A. DC. Prodr. is really just the type of the species, which Gaudichaud characterizes as having "foliis magnis."
2. DELISSEA CLERMONTIOIDES, Gaud. Bot. Voy. Bonite, t. 47, which may probably also be D. Kunthiana, t. 77, and even Rollandia Humboldtiana, of the same author, t. 76.
3. DELISSEA DELESSERTIANA. Rollandia Delessertiana, Gaud. l.c., t. 75, We have what may be a variety of this species, pinnatiloba, from Kauai.
4. DELISSEA CORIACEA (sp. nov.): fruticosa, glabra; foliis amplis (pedalibus et ultra) oblongo-lanceolatis coriaceis repando-serrulatis basi acutis longiuscule petiolatis, venulis conspicue reticulatis; racemis plurifloris petiolum haud superantibus; calycis limbo obsoleto sen dentibus 5 minutis instructo; corolla pollicari subcurvata. — Kauai, Remy.
Var. β. foliis spathulato-lanceolatis in petiolum brevem longe attenuatis. — Crater of East Maui. Fruit as large as a cherry.
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5. DELISSEA OBTUSA (sp. nov.):
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suffruticosa; ramis junioribus floribusque undique pubescentibus; foliis (5-6-pollic.) membranaceis oblongis serrulatis apice vel utrinque obtusis subtus parce pubescentibus; racemis plurifloris petiolum gracilem haud superantibus; calycis limbo fere obsolete; corolla gracili subpollicari incurva. — Mountains of Maui. |
sub-woody; young branches and all flowers pubescent; leaves (5-6-inches) membranous oblong, serrulate, apex and/or base obtuse; underside sparinly pubescent; racemes multi-flowered, petioles slender never larger; calyx lobes nearly absent; corolla slim, less than an inch, bent. — Mountains of Maui. |
Var.? MOLLIS: caule crassiori; foliis elongatis (subpedalibus) oblongo-lanceolatis basi in petiolum breviusculum attenuatis supra puberulis subtus molliter pubescentibus; "floribus pollicaribus crassiusculis cæruleis." — Mouna Kea, Hawaii. — Possibly both may be varieties of the following.
6. DELISSEA ACUMINATA. Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. p. 457 t. 76. — Oahu.
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA: foliis elongato-lanceolatis aut angustatis aut latiusculis. D. (Lobelia) angustifolia, Cham., DC. — Oahu.
7. DELISSEA UNDULATA, Gaud., to which belongs D. subcordata of the same work; leaves with the base subcordate, obtuse, or acute being found on the same stem. The small protuberances on the tube of the corolla represented by Gaudichaud occur in all the forms, but are inconstant.
8. DELISSEA ? PLATYPHYLLA (sp. nov.): caule fruticoso orgyali petiolisque tuberculis aculeisve conicis mollibus obsitis; foliis sesquibipedalibus obovato-oblongis repandis membranaceis glabris; pedunculis axillaribus brevibus crassis paucifloris: lobis calycis glabri brevissimis subulatis: — District of Puna, Hawaii. The port is rather that of Cyanea, and the resemblance to Gaudichaud's Rollandia crispa is not remote.
To Cyanea, Gaud., distinguished by the foliaceous or enlarged and persistent lobes of the calyx, I refer all the following: —
1. CYANEA GRIMESIANA, Gaud. l.c. t. 75. — Oahu. The corolla is variously stated to be "bluish rose-color," or "white striped with reddish-purple externally."
Var.? CITRULLIFOLIA: foliis bipinnatipartitis, segmentis sinuatis; caule aculeis conicis creberrimis horrido. — Mouna Roa and Mouna Kea, Hawaii. Flowers unknown.
2. CYANEA ASPERA (sp. nov.): foliis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis denticulatis subtus ad venas venulasque ochraceo-hirtellis utrinque setulis basi papillatis asperis, petiolo muricato; calycis glabri lobis ovalibus obtusissimis foliaceis tubum elongato-obconicum æquantibus; corolla 2 1/2-pollicari curvata. — Oahu. (Leaves of one or two seemingly allied species were collected, without flowers or fruit.)
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3. CYANEA ? PILOSA (sp. nov.): caule frutescente; foliis subpedalibus membranaceis obovatis utrinque acutis vel acuminatis eroso-crenatis pilis brevibus mollibus hirsutis; racemis brevibus in pedunculo 1-2-pollicari hirsutissimo paucifloris; floribus "parvis griseo-cæruleis" pedicellisque glabris; lobis calycis linearibus foliaceis ovario oblongo æquilongis. — Mouna Kea, Hawaii. This and the preceding are doubtless related to Chamisso's Lobelia calycina, ambigua, and pinnatifida, — obscure species, referred by Presl and De Candolle to Delissea, but by their foliaceous calyx-lobes apparently effecting a transition to Cyanea. The next species, of which materials are also incomplete, is equally ambiguous.
4. CYANEA ? ROLLANDIA (Rollandia crispa, Gaud. Lobelia calycina, Cham.?): fruticosa; foliis sesqui-tripedalibus obovato-lanceolatis inferne longe attenuatis breviter petiolatis membranaceis fere glabris margine serrulatis undulatis vel integerrimis; pedunculo petiolum adæquante superne bracteato paucifloro; floribus cinereo-puberulis; calycis lobis oblongis seu lanceolatis foliaceis ovario æquilongis; corolla sesquipollicari; fructu pyriformi pollicari. — Oahu.
5. CYANEA TRITOMANTHA (sp. nov.): caule simplici arborescente orgyali; foliis lato-lanceolatis membranaceis subintegerrimis fere glabris basi acutis tripedalibus (incl. petiolo crasso 5-8-pollicari); floribus "confertis" magnis; calyce pubescente, lobis linearibus pollicaribus foliaceis ovario cylindraceo longioribus; corolla tripollicari extus tomentoso-pubescente in segmenta 3 longo-linearia mox divisa. — Mouna Kea, Hawaii.
6. CYANEA SUPERBA, Lobelia superba, Cham. Macrochilus superbus, Presl. — Oahu.
7. CYANEA LEPTOSTEGIA (sp. nov.): glabra; foliis ad apicem caulis simplicis arborei confertis lanceolatis subsessilibus integerrimis undulatis (bipedalibus et ultra); racemis brevissimis confertifloris; calycis segmentis prælongis e basi latiori angustissime linearibus patentibus corolla gracili longioribus persistentibus. — Upper edge of the forest near the tabular summit of Kauai. Calyx-lobes fully two inches long, and, except at their broader base, less than half a line wide!
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Of Clermontia, Gaud., the specimens examined are reducible to two species, viz.: —
1. CLERMONTIA GRANDIFLORA, Gaud., with its several varieties,
Var. α BREVIFOLIA (C. grandiflora, Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. p. 459, t. 73): foliis membranaceis ovalibus leviter obovatis ovatisve utrinque angustatis vel acutatis modice serratis bi-tripollicaribus, petiolo gracili pollicari. — The flowers are evidently amplified or exaggerated on Gaudichaud's plate.
Var. β OBLONGIFOLIA (C. persicæfolia and C. oblongifolia, Gaud. l.c., t. 71, 72): foliis oblongis seu elongato-oblongis sæpe obtusis deorsum attenuatis repando-serratis 4-6-pollicaribus, petiolo bi-tri-pollicari.
Var. γ LONGIFOLIA (C. grandiflora Hook. & Arn. C. Kakeana, Meyen in Presl. Lob. C. macrophylla, Nutt. C. macrocarpa, Gaud. Bot. Voy. Bonite t. 49. C. viridis, Gaud. ined. in herb. Mus. Par.): foliis subcoriaceis vel membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis seu anguste oblongis creberrime serrulatis 3-9-pollicaribus basi in petiolum 1-2-pollicarem attenuatis.
2. CLERMONTIA PARVIFLORA, Gaud., ined. (C. oblongifolia, Hook. & Arn. non Gaud. C. Byroni, pyrifolia, seu parviflora, Gaud. in herb. Mus. Par.):
| fruticosa, glabra; foliis membranceis lanceolato vel subspathulato-oblongis breviter acuminatis crebre repando-serrulatis; pedunculo paucifloro pedicellisque brevibus petiolum haud superantibus; floribus vix pollicaribus gracilibus leviter curvatis "cæruleis"; calyce breviter 5-lobo corollam hinc alte fissam æquante. — Hawaii (and Oahu?), first collected by Macrae. | woody, glabrous, leaves membranous, lanceolate or subspathulate-oblong, shortly acuminate, densely repando-serrulate; peduncle few-flowered, pedicels short not exceeding the petiole; flowers barely an inch long, thin, slightly curved, "dark blue"; calyx shortly 5-lobed, corolla lobes equally long. — Hawaii (and Oahu?), first collected by Macrae. |
There are three species of true, fleshy-frutescent Lobelias, viz.: —
1. LOBELIA MACROSTACHYS, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 88;; Gaud. Bot. Voy. Bonite, t. 46. — Oahu and Hawaii. Gaudichaud's plate exhibits flower-buds only. These when fully formed are 1 1/2 to 2 inches long and mostly recurved; the developed corolla 2 or 3 inches long, "pale" or "white with the summit lilac."
2. LOBELIA GAUDICHAUDII, A. DC.; Gaud. l. c. t. 45. — Oahu.
Var. KAUAENSIS: racemo puberulo; calycis viscosi lobis brevioribus, i.e. tubo paullo longioribus. — Kauai. "Corolla pale, with pink veins."
3. LOBELIA NERIIFOLIA (sp. nov.): caule fruticoso crasso medulla farcto; foliis confertis elongato-linearibus utrinque angustatis in petiolum attenuatis coriaceis transverse venosis margine integerrimo revolutis supra glabris subtus incanis; racemo virgato densifloro; bracteis lobisque calycis subulato-setaceis; corolla rectiuscula cærulea. — East Maui. Leaves a foot or less in length, only a third or half an inch long. Capsule dehiscent through the short and obtusely conical vertex.
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Scævolæ Polynesiæ. The collection contains,
1. SCÆVOLA LOBELIA, Linn., De Vriese, Coast of all the coral islands, and of the Feejees, &c.
2. SCÆVOLA SERICEA, Forst., of which S. plumerioides, Nutt. of the Sandwich islands, is a variety with ample and almost glabrous leaves. Tonga, Samoan Islands, &c.
3. SCÆVOLA CORIACEA (Nutt.): fruticosa, decumbens; axillis brevissime barbatis; foliis parvulis carnoso-crassis obovato-spathulatis in petiolum brevem attenuatis aveniis sæpe retusis; pedunculis axillaribus uni- (raro tri-) floris; calycis limbo truncato vel obscure quinquelobo; corollæ lobis lineari-lanceolatis, alix angustis. — Sandwich Islands.
Var. α. (S. coriacea, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 8, p. 253): cinereo-puberula vel glabella; foliis integerrimis; corolla extus glabra vel pilosula, lobis intus piloso-barbatis. — Kauai and Maui, on sand-hills.
Var. β. corolla intus imberbi extus foliisque glabris. — Nihau, Remy.
Var. γ. foliis cinereo-tomentulosis apice 3-5-denticulatis; corolla extus pubescente, lobis intus glabris. — Molokai, Remy. — To this species probably belongs the Sandwich Island specimen referred by De Vriese to S. montana, Labill.; but that species is an upright shrub, with well-developed calyx-lobes.
4. SCÆVOLA GAUDICHAUDI, Hook. & Arn. (non Gaudichaudiana, Cham.), includes S. montana, Gaud., non Labill., and apparently S. Menziesiana, var. glabra, Cham. It will probably prove to be only an extreme form of the following polymorphous species; but it has a less developed inflorescence, narrower and somewhat fleshy-thickened, nearly veinless, more entire, and smaller leaves, a more slender and usually glabrous corolla, &c. The flowers of this and the following species are white, not yellow as De Vriese implies. De Vriese's genus Temminckia, founded on these Sandwichian species, is said to differ from Scævola in the inflorescence not being cymose, nor the filaments bearded, nor the fruit fleshy (baccate). But it would be difficult to find a more purely cymose inflorescence than in these species whenever the peduncle is several-flowered; the filaments are equally beardless in the original and perhaps in every known species of Scævola, and the mature fruit is a baccate drupe.
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5. SCÆVOLA CHAMISSONIANA, Gaud. (a form with pubescent corolla), Hook. & Arn., Cham. (corolla, &c. glabrous), clearly includes S. Menziesiana, Cham. (excl. var.), a small-leaved form, either glabrous or pubescent; S. ciliata, G. Don; S. ligustrifolia, Nutt. l. c. (a form with small and almost entire leaves); S. pubescens, Nutt. l. c.; S. pubescens, Gaud. in the Paris herb. (with the younger leaves beneath and the inflorescence softly pubescent, the corolla externally pubescent); S. intermedia, Gaud. l. c. (with the corolla and the lanceolate nearly entire leaves glabrous); S. Dielliana, Gaud. l. c., with larger, puberulent, and sparingly serrate leaves, the peduncle elongated. All are forms of one species, which has more veiny and toothed leaves than the foregoing, mostly slender and often several-flowered peduncles, and broader, broadly wing-margined lobes to the corolla.
6. SCÆVOLA MOLLIS, Hook. & Arn., of Oahu, also on Kauai with the leaves not so downy, is well marked by the soft and dense canescent pubescence or close tomentum of the loweer surface of the large, oblong-lanceolate leaves, short-peduncles inflorescence, and outside of the corolla. The latter has not a particularly long tube, nor are its lobes unusually pointed
7. SCÆVOLA (CAMPHUSIA, De Vr.) GLABRA, Hook. & Arn. The limb of the more or less curved yellow corolla is nearly equally five-cleft, although some of the lobes are apt to be conglutinate; and the anthers are normal for the genus. The connective is similarly produced in the following species, and, as figured by Labillardiere, in S. montana.
8. SCÆVOLA FLORIBUNDA (sp. nov.): fruticosa, orgyalis; ramis puberulis mox glabratis, axillis vix barbatis; foliis lanceolato-oblongis subspathulatis submembranaceis repando-dentatis obscure penninerviis glabris basi attenuata sessilibus vel subpetiolatis; cymis multifloris ex axillis supremis et terminali thyrsum amplum efficientibus; calycis lobis ovatis oblongisve ovario brevioribus; corolla extus incana, lobis intus glabris oblongis; stylo glabro; induusio ciliato extus piloso — Feejee Islands, where it was also collected by Professor Harvey.
Of Campanulaceæ the only thiing of interest is
WAHLENBERGIA PERUVIANA (sp. nov.): hirtella, humilis; caulibus ramosis diffusis; ramis usque ad apicem foliosis; foliis alternis parvis spathulatis subintegerrimis sessilibus, summis florem bracteantibus; calycis tubo hemisphærico hirsuto lobis oblongis brevioribus; corolla brevi-campanulata ultra medium quinquefida; capsula semisupera, parte libera conico trivalvi — Andes of Peru above Baños.