Cyanea crispa (Gaudich.) Lammers, Givnish & Sytsma

Genus: Cyanea

Status: Endangered; covered by PEPP.

Range: O'ahu, Ko'olau Range, mesic to wet forest, 185-720 m.

Growth form: Subshrub, 0.3-1.3 m tall.

This species is one of the two described by Gaudichaud in 1826 from his exploration of O'ahu, the other being Cyanea lanceolata.

How to identify:

Images:

Sources:

• Gaudichaud, 1829 (as Rollandia crispa);
• G. Don, 1834 (as Rollandia crispa);
• De Candolle, 1838 (as Rollandia crispa);
• Walpers, 1843; (as Rollandia crispa);
• Gray, 1861; (as Cyanea rollandia);
• Mann, 1868; (as Rollandia crispa);
• Wawra, 1873; (as Rollandia crispa);
• Hillebrand, 1888; (as Rollandia grandifolia);
• Rock, 1919; (as Rollandia crispa including var. muricata);
• Wimmer, 1943; (as Rollandia crispa including var. muricata);
• Wagner et al., 1990 (as Rollandia crispa).